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【转】:使用pg_basebackup搭建PostgreSQL流复制环境

原作者:Sure  创作时间:2016-01-01 13:30:35+08  
doudou586 发布于2016-01-01 13:30:35           评论: 4   浏览: 22489   顶: 2644  踩: 2828 
来自sure网友的博文,原文地址:http://my.oschina.net/Suregogo/blog/551626

环境:

  • OS:
    [ha@node0 ~]$ uname -a
    Linux node0 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Feb 22 00:31:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
    
  • 内存:1G
  • CPU:1核
  • 数据库:
    postgres=# select version();
                                                        version                     
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PostgreSQL 9.4.5 on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120
    313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16), 64-bit
    (1 row)
     
    postgres=#
    
  • .bash_profile
    [ha@node0 ~]$ cat .bash_profile 
    # .bash_profile
     
    # Get the aliases and functions
    if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
    fi
     
    # User specific environment and startup programs
     
    export PGHOME=/home/ha/pgdb/
    export PGDATA=/home/ha/pgdb/data/
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$PGHOME/lib/
    export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
    

搭建过程:

1、主库配置

  1. postgresql.conf:
    listen_addresses = '*'
    wal_level = hot_standby
    archive_mode = off
    max_wal_senders = 3
    wal_keep_segments = 16

    这里要说明的是参数archive_mode,我在实验过程中有一次发现参数archive_mode和archive_command在不设置的情况下也可以完成流复制,所以我对此进行了调研,发现francs已经对此进行了解释,这里引用francs的结论:

    在搭建流复制环境时,并不必须设置 archive_mode 参数为 on ,很多资料在介绍搭建流复制环境时设置这个参数为 on ,可能是出于开启 WAL 归档更安全的原因,因为在主库宕机并且较长时间不能恢复时,从库依然可以读取归档目录的 WAL,从而保证不丢数据; 另一方面,如果主库设置了较大的 wal_keep_segments ,也可以不用开启archive_mode,因为主库保留了足够的 WAL,从而大大降低了因从库所需要的 WAL 被主库覆盖而需要从归档去取 WAL 的情况。所以从这方面说,archive_mode 参数的设置与搭建流复制并没有直接关系。 提示: 对于比较繁忙的库,在搭建流复制从库时,建议主库设置较大的 wal_keep_segments 参数。

  2. pg_hba.conf
    host    all             all             192.168.238.0/24        md5
    host    replication     rep             192.168.238.0/24        trust
    

    这里说明的是,网上有其他对replication设置为md5,并建立.pgpass文件,这种方法也是可行的。

  3. 新建用户rep
    create user rep replication encrypted password 'rep';
    

2.使用pg_basebackup进行从库备份

[ha@localhost pgdb]$ pg_basebackup -D $PGDATA -F p -X stream -v -P -h 192.168.238.130 -U rep
transaction log start point: 0/2000028 on timeline 1
pg_basebackup: starting background WAL receiver
20945/20945 kB (100%), 1/1 tablespace                                         
transaction log end point: 0/20000F0
pg_basebackup: waiting for background process to finish streaming ...
pg_basebackup: base backup completed
[ha@localhost pgdb]$ ll
total 20
drwxrwxr-x.  2 ha ha 4096 Dec 26 00:54 bin
drwx------. 18 ha ha 4096 Dec 26 12:02 data
drwxrwxr-x.  4 ha ha 4096 Dec 26 00:54 include
drwxrwxr-x.  4 ha ha 4096 Dec 26 00:54 lib
drwxrwxr-x.  4 ha ha 4096 Dec 26 00:54 share
[ha@localhost pgdb]$ cd data/
[ha@localhost data]$ ls
backup_label  pg_hba.conf    pg_replslot   pg_subtrans  postgresql.auto.conf
base          pg_ident.conf  pg_serial     pg_tblspc    postgresql.conf
global        pg_logical     pg_snapshots  pg_twophase
pg_clog       pg_multixact   pg_stat       PG_VERSION
pg_dynshmem   pg_notify      pg_stat_tmp   pg_xlog

这里需要对目录进行一下说明:data目录可以通过pg_basebackup自动创建,但是其他表空间,需要手动创建并赋权,这里需要注意的是,权限为700。

3.从库配置

  1. postgresql.conf
    hot_standby = on
    
  2. recovery.conf
    standby_mode = on
    primary_conninfo = 'host=192.168.238.130 port=5432 user=rep'
    trigger_file = '/home/ha/pgdb/pg.trigger.file'
    

4.备库启动前,主库进程

[ha@localhost pgdb]$ ps -ef | grep post
root       2124      1  0 04:47 ?        00:00:00 /usr/libexec/postfix/master
postfix    2147   2124  0 04:47 ?        00:00:00 qmgr -l -t fifo -u
postfix   10385   2124  0 11:27 ?        00:00:00 pickup -l -t fifo -u
ha        10691      1  0 12:33 pts/3    00:00:00 /home/ha/pgdb/bin/postgres_ora
ha        10693  10691  0 12:33 ?        00:00:00 postgres: checkpointer process   
ha        10694  10691  0 12:33 ?        00:00:00 postgres: writer process      
ha        10695  10691  0 12:33 ?        00:00:00 postgres: wal writer process   
ha        10696  10691  0 12:33 ?        00:00:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process   
ha        10697  10691  0 12:33 ?        00:00:00 postgres: stats collector process   
ha        10717   4087  0 12:37 pts/3    00:00:00 grep post

5.备库启动后

  1. 主库进程
    [ha@localhost pgdb]$ ps -ef | grep post
    root       2124      1  0 04:47 ?        00:00:00 /usr/libexec/postfix/master
    postfix    2147   2124  0 04:47 ?        00:00:00 qmgr -l -t fifo -u
    postfix   10385   2124  0 11:27 ?        00:00:00 pickup -l -t fifo -u
    ha        10691      1  0 12:33 pts/3    00:00:00 /home/ha/pgdb/bin/postgres_ora
    ha        10693  10691  0 12:33 ?        00:00:00 postgres: checkpointer process   
    ha        10694  10691  0 12:33 ?        00:00:00 postgres: writer process      
    ha        10695  10691  0 12:33 ?        00:00:00 postgres: wal writer process   
    ha        10696  10691  0 12:33 ?        00:00:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process   
    ha        10697  10691  0 12:33 ?        00:00:00 postgres: stats collector process   
    ha        10718  10691  0 12:37 ?        00:00:00 postgres: wal sender process rep 192.168.238.131(59195) streaming 0/3000060
    ha        10720   4087  0 12:37 pts/3    00:00:00 grep post
    
  2. 备库进程
    [ha@localhost data]$ ps -ef | grep post
    root       2086      1  0 04:48 ?        00:00:00 /usr/libexec/postfix/master
    postfix    2108   2086  0 04:48 ?        00:00:00 qmgr -l -t fifo -u
    postfix    9657   2086  0 11:27 ?        00:00:00 pickup -l -t fifo -u
    ha         9782      1  0 12:36 pts/2    00:00:00 /home/ha/pgdb/bin/postgres
    ha         9783   9782  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 postgres: startup process   recovering 000000010000000000000003
    ha         9784   9782  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 postgres: checkpointer process   
    ha         9785   9782  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 postgres: writer process   
    ha         9786   9782  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 postgres: stats collector process   
    ha         9787   9782  0 12:36 ?        00:00:00 postgres: wal receiver process   streaming 0/3000060
    ha         9792   3744  0 12:37 pts/2    00:00:00 grep post
    

6.实验效果

  1. 主库
    [ha@localhost pgdb]$ psql postgres
    psql (9.4.5)
    Type "help" for help.
     
    postgres=# create table test(id int);
    CREATE TABLE
    postgres=# insert into test values (1),(2);
    INSERT 0 2
    postgres=# select * from test ;
     id 
    ----
      1
      2
    (2 rows)
     
    postgres=#
    
  2. 备库
    [ha@localhost data]$ psql postgres
    psql (9.4.5)
    Type "help" for help.
     
    postgres=# select * from test ;
     id 
    ----
      1
      2
    (2 rows)
    


评论:4   浏览: 22489                   顶: 2644  踩: 2828 

请在登录后发表评论,否则无法保存。

1# __ nihaost 回答于 2019-11-02 09:25:59+08
[url=http://www.t.com]t[/url]

2# __ ITint 回答于 2019-08-10 16:48:14+08
权限问题 #find / -name ./.pg_hba .conf.swp 或 #locate ./.pg_hba .conf.swp yum 安装默认应该在/var/lib/pgsql/11/data 目录下 #ls -la 查看权限 -rwx------. 1 postgres postgres 24576 Aug 10 12:33 .postgresql.conf.swm -rwx------. 1 postgres postgres 16384 Aug 10 12:33 .postgresql.conf.swn -rwx------. 1 postgres postgres 20480 Aug 10 12:33 .postgresql.conf.swo -rwx------. 1 postgres postgres 24576 Aug 10 12:33 .postgresql.conf.swp 权限、所有者、所有组不对就修改下,重启服务之后会正常.

3# __ GUEST 回答于 2016-12-09 18:23:37+08
使用pg_basebackup遇到了个权限问题:pg_basebackup: starting background WAL receiver
   24/27923 kB (100%), 1/1 tablespace                                         
pg_basebackup: could not get transaction log end position from server: ERROR:  could not open file "./.pg_hba.conf.swp": Permission denied

4# __ jfhyn 回答于 2016-05-02 19:35:09+08



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